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ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ASME Y aeronautical standards group ASG ASG aerospace ground equipment AGE AGE after AFT aft after cooler AFTCLR AFTCLR after engine room AER AER after peak AP AP after perpendicular AP AP after torpedo room ATRM ATRM afterburner AB ab agent AGT agt aggregate AGGR aggr agitate AG ag aileron AIL ail air blast. Code Books Required for Use with ASME Product Certification Marks Note: For books other than the Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code (e.g., B31.1, PTC 25, NQA-1), the required edition as of July 1, 2013 is listed. The specific effective Addenda will be referenced in the applicable Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code section.

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The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made. 1) The code addresses the structural integrity of the piping system. The designer is responsible for all other aspects of the design including the functional design of the system. 2) Recommendations for applying ASME B31.3 Code to repairs, modifications, and maintenance are provided in Appendix P.

Sections of ASME Boiler and Pressure vessel Codes (BPVC)

The following list includes some of the most widely used Boiler and Pressure Vessel codes (BPVC) prepared and published by ASME.

Section I……………………Rules for construction of Power Boilers

Section II…………………..Materials

Part A. Ferrous Material Specifications
Part B. Nonferrous Material Specifications
Part C. Specifications for Welding, Rods, Electrodes and Filler Metals
Part D. Properties

Section III………………….Rules for Construction of Nuclear Facility Components

Subsection NCA. General Requirements for Divisions 1 and 2

Division 1

Subsection NB. Class 1 Components
Subsection NC. Class 2 Components
Subsection ND. Class 3 Components
Subsection NE. Class MC Components
Subsection NF. Supports
Subsection NG. Core Support Structures
Subsection NH. Class 1 Components in Elevated Temperature Service

Division 2. Code for Concrete Containment

Division 3. Containment Systems for Storage and Transport Packaging of Spent Nuclear Fuel and High Level Radioactive Materials and Waste

Section IV …………………Rules for Construction of Heating Boilers

Section V…………………..Nondestructive Examination

Section VI………………….Recommended Rules for the Care and Operation of Heating Boilers

Section VII…………………Recommended Guidelines for the Care of Power Boilers

Section VIII………………..Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels

Division 1. Pressure Vessels
Division 2. Alternative Rules for Pressure Vessels
Division 3. Alternative Rules for Construction of High-Pressure Vessels

Section IX…………………Welding and Brazing Qualifications

Section X………………….Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels

Section XI…………………Rules for Inservice Inspection of Nuclear Power Plant Components

Section XII………………..Rules for Construction and Continued Service of Transport Tanks

Brief introduction of some of the widely used BPVC sections:

SECTION I: Section I gives requirements for construction of

Power Boilers, Electric Boilers, Miniature boilers
Heat recovery steam generators (HRSG)
Power boilers used in Locomotive, Portable and Traction type
High temperature water tube boilers
Certain fired pressure vessels to be used in stationary services

SECTION II: Section II is exclusively dedicated to materials and its specifications. These specifications contain requirements for chemical and mechanical properties and other necessary details. It includes four parts viz. Part A, Part B, part C and Part D.

Part A – Ferrous Material Specifications

It provides specifications for ferrous materials which are suitable for use in the construction of pressure vessels. The specifications provided in this part gives the mechanical properties, heat treatment, heat and product chemical composition and analysis, test specimens, and methodologies of testing. They are designated by ‘SA’ numbers and are identical or similar to those published in ASTM specifications.

Part B – Nonferrous Material Specifications

It provides specifications for nonferrous materials. The specifications provided in this Part specify the mechanical properties, heat treatment, heat and product chemical composition and analysis, test specimens, and methodologies of testing. They are designated by SB’ numbers and are identical or similar to those published in ASTM specifications.

Part C – Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes, and Filler Metals

It provides mechanical properties, heat treatment, heat and product chemical composition and analysis, test specimens, and methodologies of testing for welding rods, filler metals and electrodes used in the construction of pressure vessels.

They are designated with ‘SFA’ numbers which is derived from the American Welding Society (AWS) specifications.

Part D – Properties (Customary/Metric)

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It provides tables for the design stress values, tensile and yield stress values and material properties.

SECTION III: It provides guidelines for construction of nuclear facility components and supports as well. Section III includes different divisions and subsections.

SECTION IV: Provides guidelines for design, fabrication, installation and inspection Heating boilers, such boilers are primarily used for:

Steam Heating
Hot water heating
Hot water supply boilers
Potable water heaters

These boilers are meant for low pressure service and are directly fired by solid or liquid fuels such as coal, oil, gas, electricity etc.

SECTION V: This section is dedicated Non-Destructive tests (NDT). It provides for requirements and methods for non-destructive tests. It also contains the detailed duties of authorized inspectors, manufacturer’s examination responsibility, and requirements for qualification of personnel, inspection and examination. These examination methods are a key to detect the discontinuities present in the material, weld and fabricated components. It also includes a glossary of all related terms.

SECTION VI: Provides guidelines for operation and maintenance of Heating boilers which are manufactured as per Section IV.

Section VI also covers guidelines for associated controls and automatic fuel-burning.

SECTION VII: Provides guidelines for operation, maintenance and inspection of power boilers. It also includes the necessary guidelines for operation of auxiliary equipments and appliances that are directly responsible for safe and reliable operation of power boilers.

Boilers which come under the purview of Section VII are Stationary, Portable and Traction type boilers, but not Locomotive and High temperature water boilers, Heating boilers (Section VI) and Nuclear power plant boilers (Section XI).

SECTION VIII: It provides detailed guidelines for the design, fabrication, testing, inspection, and certification of pressure vessels (both fired and unfired). Section VIII includes three divisions viz. Division I, Division II and Division III

Division 1: Division provides guidelines for design, fabrication, inspection, testing and certification of pressure vessels operating at either internal or external pressures exceeding 15 psi (100 Kpa).

Division 2: It provides requirements for the materials, design, and Non destructive examination for pressure vessels. Division 2 standards are more rigorous than division 1. However it allows for higher stress intensity values. These rules may also be applied to human occupancy pressure vessels such as those used in the diving industry.

Division 3: It provides guidelines for pressure vessels operating at or more than 10,000 psi (in general) either internally or externally. Maximum pressure limit is no where mentioned in the code even in divisions 1 and 2 too.

SECTION IX: This Section covers necessary guidelines and requirements pertaining to welding and brazing procedures (as per the requirements of other BPVC standards). It also contains guidelines for qualification and requalification of welders, welding operators and brazing operators. It also contains all the essential, non essential and supplementary essential variables required for welding and brazing.

Section IX is further divided into four parts, Namely

Part QG: Contains General Requirements for all material – joining processes (viz. Welding, Brazing and Plastic Fusing)
Part QW: Contains requirements for Welding
Part QB: Contains requirements for Brazing
Part QF: Contains requirements for Plastic Fusing

(NOTE: Detailed summary for Section IX including preparation of welding procedure specification (WPS), steps followed for Procedure Qualification Record (PQR), Welder performance qualification test, range and limits etc. has been explained separately).

To learn the steps involved in writing a welding procedure specification, please click here.

To understand welder performance qualification, Please click here.

To understand the thickness limit for performance and prcocedure qualification, please click here.

SECTION XII: It provides guidelines for construction and continued service of pressure vessels used for transportation of dangerous goods at pressures from full vacuum to 3000 psi and volume greater than 120 gallons.

List of some of the most widely used ASME Standards:

CSD-1……………………….Controls and Safety Devices for Automatically-fired Boilers

B1.1…………………………..Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN and UNR Thread Form)

B1.20.1 ……………………..Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch)

B16.1…………………………Cast-iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings

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B16.3…………………………Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings, Classes 150 and 300

B16.4…………………………Gray Iron Threaded Fittings, Class 125 and 250

B16.5…………………………Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings

B16.9…………………………Factory-made Wrought Steel Buttwelding Fittings

B16.11 ………………………Forged Fittings, Socket-Welding and Threaded

B16.15 ………………………Cast-bronze Threaded Fittings, Classes 125 and 250

B16.20 ………………………Ring-joint Gaskets and Grooves for Steel Pipe Flanges

B16.24 ………………………Cast Copper Alloy Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings

B16.25 ………………………Buttwelding Ends

B16.28 ………………………Wrought Steel Buttwelding Short Radius Elbows and Returns

B16.34 ………………………Valves — Flanged, Threaded and Welding End

B16.42 ………………………Ductile Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings, Classes 150 and 300

B16.47 ………………………Large Diameter Steel Flanges, NPS 26 Through NPS 60

B18.2.2 …………………….. Square and Hex Nuts (Inch Series)

B31.1 ………………………… Power Piping

B31.2 ………………………… Fuel Gas Piping

B31.3 ………………………… Process Piping

B31.4 ………………………… Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid Hydrocarbons and Other Liquids

B31.5 ………………………… Refrigeration Piping and Heat Transfer Components

B31.8 ………………………… Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping

B31.9 ………………………… Building Services Piping

B31.11 ……………………… Slurry Transportation Piping

B36.10M …………………… Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe

QAI-1 ………………………….. Qualifications for Authorized Inspection

PVHO-1 ………………………. Safety Standard for Pressure Vessels for Human Occupancy

ASME PERFORMANCE TEST CODE PTC 25……………………..Pressure Relief Devices

List of important ASNT Standards

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ACCP …………………………Central Certification Program

CP-189 ……………………..Standard for Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel

SNT-TC-1A……………… Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing

List of some of the most widely used ASTM standards

A 126……………………….. Standard Specification for Gray Iron Castings for Valves, Flanges and Pipe Fittings

B 139 ………………………..Standard Specification for Phosphor-Bronze Rod, Bar and Shapes

D 56…………………………. Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester

D 93…………………………. Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Tester

E 8 …………………………….Standard Test Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Materials

E 83…………………………..Methods of Verification and Classification of Extensometers

E 125…………………………Reference Photographs for Magnetic Particle Indication on Ferrous Castings

E 140…………………………Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals

E 186…………………………Standard Reference Radiographs for Heavy-walled (2 to 4-1/2 inch) Steel Castings

E 208…………………………Method of Conducting Drop Weight Test to Determine Nil Ductility Transition Temperature of Ferritic Steel

E 280………………………… Standard Reference Radiographs for Heavy-walled (4-1/2 to 12-inch) Steel Castings

E 446………………………… Standard Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings up to 2 Inches in Thickness

Important ASME Designators

ASME Code designators and the associated sections of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code are listed for user’s convenience:

Section I……………………A, E, M, PP, S, V

Section II…………………..None

Section III………………….N, NA, NPT, NV

Section IV …………………H, HLW, HV

Section VIII………………..Division 1: U, UM, UV

Division 2: U2, UV

Division 3: U3, UV3

Section XII………………..T, TD, TV

Lifting Equipment in the Ancient World

While ASME B30 began with a short code prepared over 100 years ago, it represents the best practices improved throughout millennia. In fact, many of the devices addressed in the series have existed in some form since antiquity, evolving throughout the years to enhance their efficiency and safety.

While industry has persisted since the early days of humankind (refer to our post on the earliest standard), the majority of Homo sapiens’ tenure on this Earth has been devoid of construction practices. For shelters and living spaces, the earliest hunter-gatherers turned to natural structures like. When they eventually did construct shelters, likely during the Upper Paleolithic (Paleolithic meaning the Old Stone Age), they built basic huts or tents with wooden supports.

Humankind didn’t see complex structures until after the advent of agriculture. The reasoning for this: the domestication of various plants and animals encouraged a more sedentary lifestyle to tend to these crops and animals. The increased population led to an abundance of specialized workers, advanced cities with centralized governments, writing and record keeping, organized religion, and arts and infrastructure. These are considered key elements of civilization.

Around 1500 BCE in Mesopotamia, the birthplace of both agriculture and civilization, the first pulleys emerged to hoist water. This invention led to the compound pulley, which was created by Archimedes. The compound pulley eventually inspired the invention of the crane, an accomplishment that we also owe to the Greeks.

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Devices like the crane, as well as the sling—which has roots as an archaic missile launcher—were present throughout the construction of numerous structures emblematic of the ancient world. However, while safety was likely not a top concern during construction processes ordained by pharaohs and others powerful figures, these events long predate the ASME B30 standard.

Instead, let’s look at an example far more contemporary with the safety standard: the construction of the Brooklyn Bridge. This suspension bridge, then the longest in the world, was completed in 1883, centuries after advanced lifting machines like the hydraulic crane and aerial cableway had sprouted into existence. Unfortunately, this process, which spanned almost 15 years, took the lives of at least twenty people, with dozens more suffering debilitating injuries. In fact, the first fatality came even before construction had begun.

History of ASME B30

While the construction of the Brooklyn Bridge was a massive endeavor, its notable fatality rate demonstrates that safety was not necessarily on people’s minds at the time. Therefore, the initial eight-page “Code of Safety Standards for Cranes” was a necessity for improving safety efforts in the construction industry.

However, this document was just a jumping off point for ASME and the standards community. In fact, numerous groups convened throughout the 1920s to form a Sectional Committee and further advance progress in standardizing this sector. This committee developed the “Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists” as ASA B30.2-1943, while reserving “Jacks” for ASA B30.1-1943.

Please note that these early B30 standards were designated ASA B30.X-19XX because ANSI was, at the time, the American Standards Association (ASA). ASA, which was founded as the American Engineering Standards Committee (AESC), changed its name to the United States of America Standards Institute (USASI) in 1966 before becoming the American National Standards Institute in 1969. Because of this, past ASME B30 volumes may be designated “ASA B30,” “USAS B30,” or “ANSI B30.”

While the standard for jacks has retained its place as volume 1 of ASME B30 throughout the past century, part 2 was divided into multiple standards in the series. In the 1960s, B30.3, B30.5, B30.6, B30.11, and B30.16 were designated as “revisions” of B30.2. The remainder of the B30 volumes were published as entirely new standards. These 30 volumes were revised periodically throughout the remainder of the 20th Century, leading to the current editions that assure construction safety today. Since 1982, the B30 committee has been an “Accredited Organization Committee,” operating under procedures developed by ASME and accredited by ANSI.

Standards in the ASME B30 Series

All volumes of ASME B30 include:

You can read more about this standard in our post on ASME B30.5-2018.

You can read more about this standard in our post on ASME B30.9-2018: Slings.

You can read more about this standard in our post on ASME B30.10-2019: Hooks.

You can read more about this standard in our post on the changes to ASME B30.20-18. Please note that another standard, ASME BTH-1-2017: Design Of Below-The-Hook Lifting Devices, expands upon concepts associated with below-the-hook lifting devices, and it specifically includes provisions for their structural design criteria. You can read more about this standard in our post on ASME BTH-1-2017.

You can read more about this standard in our post on ASME B30.23-2016.

You can read more about this standard in our post on ASME B30.25-2018.

Furthermore, there are two new standards in development:

ASME B30.31 Self-Propelled, Towed, or Remote-Controlled
Hydraulic Platform Transporters

ASME B30.32 Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Used in
Inspection, Testing, Maintenance, and Lifting
Operations

Standards Packages for ASME B30

As mentioned above, all these standards are available as part of the ASME B30 Construction Package. However, for users who don’t need every single volume of the B30 standard but are in need of assuring safety with multiple types of lifting machines, ANSI offers an assortment of standards packages that bundle several ASME B30 standards by topic.

Other ASME B30 standards packages include: